When a sufficiently high electric field energy is applied to a gas, electrons are "stripped" from atoms, forming an ionized gas coexisting with high-energy electrons (1~10 eV), ions, radicals, excited molecules, and photons – plasma, the fourth state of

Photochemical reaction instruments, as the physical foundation for simulating solar energy conversion, are undergoing a transition from single light sources to integrated and intelligent systems. By precisely regulating photon energy and multi-field coupl

Photoelectric and photochemical conversion technologies form the cornerstone for the efficient utilization of solar energy resources. These technologies rely on semiconductor materials to capture photons, exciting electrons from the valence band to the co

In humanity’s quest for energy independence and the reconstruction of a low-carbon civilization, utilizing solar energy to drive water splitting or greenhouse gas conversion is regarded as a core pathway toward the future vision of ca

Photocatalytic CO₂ reduction, as a key pathway for mimicking natural photosynthesis and achieving a closed carbon energy cycle, is currently at a pivotal stage of transitioning from laboratory mechanistic studies to engineering-scale applications. This ar

In the search for technological pathways to address global climate change and advance the energy transition, artificial photosynthesis—using solar energy to directly drive chemical reactions—is considered a core approach for rea

In the grand process of global energy transition, using solar energy to drive water splitting for hydrogen production is recognized as a key pathway to achieve a green energy cycle. Solar water splitting technology captures photons via semiconductor mater

In humanity’s grand pursuit of energy independence and the reconstruction of a low-carbon energy system, harnessing solar energy to drive water splitting or greenhouse gas conversion is widely recognized as a core pathway toward the f

In the grand blueprint of humanity's energy future, harnessing solar energy to directly drive water splitting for hydrogen production or carbon dioxide reduction has been figuratively described as the "liquid sunlight" project. For rese

Photocatalytic technology, as a core pathway that mimics natural photosynthesis and enables the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy, is profoundly shaping the future of clean energy production and environmental governance. This article outline

In the grand blueprint of exploring humanity’s energy future, using solar energy to directly drive water splitting for hydrogen production or carbon dioxide reduction is vividly likened to the “liquid sunlight” initiative.

In the current landscape of energy science research, artificial photosynthesis—using solar energy to drive chemical reactions—is regarded as the “holy grail” for achieving a green hydrogen era. For researchers on the